Dries Buytaert

Explanation

Specifies whether the network connection stays open after the current request. keep-alive specifies that the browser would like to keep the connection open, while close indicates that the browser wants to close the connection.

The size of the message body, in bytes.

The type of the message body, specified as a MIME type.

P3P stands for Platform for Privacy Preferences. It is used to specify a privacy policy in a machine-readable way. The privacy policy is described in a compact format using tokens. A browser can use the information to inform readers about the website's privacy practices. Unfortunately, it is not well supported by current browsers.

public means the response may be stored by all caches, including browser caches, CDNs, and shared caches.
max-age specifies the maximum amount of seconds a page is considered valid. The higher max-age, the longer a page can be cached.
stale-while-revalidate instructs the browser to accept a stale response, while asynchronously checking in the background for a fresh one. The value is the number of seconds the client will accept a stale response for.

The X-Content-Type-Options header, when set to nosniff, prevents MIME type sniffing. This enhances security by ensuring browsers respect the declared Content-Type of the response, mitigating MIME confusion attacks.
The value nosniff is correctly set, providing protection against MIME type sniffing attacks.

This header enables the browser's built-in XSS protection. However, it's considered legacy and modern browsers may ignore it.
1 enables the browser's cross-site scripting (XSS) filtering.
mode=block instructs the browser to block the response if a XSS attack is detected, instead of sanitizing the page.
Notice While this header provides some protection, it's recommended to use Content-Security-Policy instead, as it offers more comprehensive and flexible protection against XSS and other injection attacks.

The date and time at which the request was made. A browser uses it for age calculations rather than using its own internal date and time; e.g. when comparing against Max-Age or Expires.

The time in seconds that the page has been in the shared proxy cache. The maximum age is set by max-age or s-maxage in the Cache-Control header.

The Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy header is part of the Fetch metadata request headers. It controls how resources can be shared across origins, enhancing security by preventing unauthorized access to resources.
Notice cross-origin means the resource can be loaded by documents from any origin. This is the least secure option.

The Strict-Transport-Security header (HSTS) instructs browsers to only use HTTPS for future connections to this domain, enhancing security by preventing downgrade attacks and cookie hijacking.
max-age specifies the time, in seconds, that the browser should remember to use HTTPS only for this domain.
Notice For optimal security, consider increasing max-age to at least 31,536,000 seconds (1 year), especially if you're considering preloading.
includesubdomains instructs the browser that all subdomains are HTTPS-only as well.

missing Add a Content-Security-Policy header. The Content-Security-Policy header helps browsers prevent cross site scripting (XSS) and data injection attacks.

missing Add a Referrer-Policy header. When a visitor navigates from one page to another, browsers often pass along referrer information. The Referrer-Policy header controls how much referrer information a browser can share. This is important to configure when private information is embedded in the path or query string and passed onto an external destination.

missing Add a Permissions-Policy header. Restrict access to device features like the camera, microphone, location, accelerometer and much more.

missing Add a Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy to specify how this page can be loaded by cross-origin resources.

missing Add a Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header to opt-in into better browser isolation.

missing Add a X-Frame-Options header. The X-Frame-Options header prevents this URL from being embedded in an iframe. This protects against clickjacking attacks. Alternatively, set a Content-Security-Policy header with a frame-ancestor directive.

missing Add a X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies header to prevent Flash, Adobe Reader and other clients from sharing data across domains.