Dries Buytaert

Explanation

The date and time at which the request was made. A browser uses it for age calculations rather than using its own internal date and time; e.g. when comparing against Max-Age or Expires.

The type of the message body, specified as a MIME type.

The size of the message body, in bytes.

A cookie that was sent from the server to the browser.
expires= sets the maximum lifetime of the cookie using a specific date.
path= indicates the path that must exist in the requested URL for the browser to send the cookie.

A cookie that was sent from the server to the browser.
expires= sets the maximum lifetime of the cookie using a specific date.
max-age= sets the maximum lifetime of the cookie in seconds.
path= indicates the path that must exist in the requested URL for the browser to send the cookie.
secure instructs the browser to only send the cookie back when HTTPS requests are used, making it more resistant to man-in-the-middle attacks.
httponly forbids JavaScript from accessing the cookie. Helps mitigate the risk of client side scripts accessing a protected cookie.

The X-Content-Type-Options header, when set to nosniff, prevents MIME type sniffing. This enhances security by ensuring browsers respect the declared Content-Type of the response, mitigating MIME confusion attacks.
The value nosniff is correctly set, providing protection against MIME type sniffing attacks.

The X-Content-Type-Options header, when set to nosniff, prevents MIME type sniffing. This enhances security by ensuring browsers respect the declared Content-Type of the response, mitigating MIME confusion attacks.
The value nosniff is correctly set, providing protection against MIME type sniffing attacks.

When a visitor navigates from one page to another page, browsers often pass along referrer information. The Referrer-Policy header controls how much referrer information a browser can share. This is important because private information can be embedded in the path or query string.
strict-origin-when-cross-origin means that the protocol, host, port, path and query string are shared for same-site requests. For cross-site requests, protocol, host, and port are shared, but only when the protocol security level remains the same (HTTP → HTTP, HTTPS → HTTPS). For cross-site requests where the protocol becomes less secure (HTTPS → HTTP), nothing is shared.

The Strict-Transport-Security header (HSTS) instructs browsers to only use HTTPS for future connections to this domain, enhancing security by preventing downgrade attacks and cookie hijacking.
max-age specifies the time, in seconds, that the browser should remember to use HTTPS only for this domain.

This header enables the browser's built-in XSS protection. However, it's considered legacy and modern browsers may ignore it.
1 enables the browser's cross-site scripting (XSS) filtering.
mode=block instructs the browser to block the response if a XSS attack is detected, instead of sanitizing the page.
Notice While this header provides some protection, it's recommended to use Content-Security-Policy instead, as it offers more comprehensive and flexible protection against XSS and other injection attacks.

missing Add a Content-Security-Policy header. The Content-Security-Policy header helps browsers prevent cross site scripting (XSS) and data injection attacks.

missing Add a Permissions-Policy header. Restrict access to device features like the camera, microphone, location, accelerometer and much more.

missing Add a Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy to specify how this page can be loaded by cross-origin resources.

missing Add a Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header to opt-in into better browser isolation.

missing Add a Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy header to specify who can load this page.

missing Add a X-Frame-Options header. The X-Frame-Options header prevents this URL from being embedded in an iframe. This protects against clickjacking attacks. Alternatively, set a Content-Security-Policy header with a frame-ancestor directive.

missing Add a X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies header to prevent Flash, Adobe Reader and other clients from sharing data across domains.