Dries Buytaert

Explanation

The date and time at which the request was made. A browser uses it for age calculations rather than using its own internal date and time; e.g. when comparing against Max-Age or Expires.

The type of the message body, specified as a MIME type.

Specifies whether the network connection stays open after the current request. keep-alive specifies that the browser would like to keep the connection open, while close indicates that the browser wants to close the connection.

The cf-ray header provides a unique identifier for each request through Cloudflare. It's useful for troubleshooting and tracking requests in Cloudflare logs.

private means the response can only be stored by the browser's cache, but not by CDNs, proxies, or any other shared caches.
max-age=0 with must-revalidate means caching is disabled and all requests must be validated with the origin server.

The Content Security Policy (CSP) header helps prevent cross-site scripting (XSS), clickjacking, and other code injection attacks by specifying which dynamic resources are allowed to load.
frame-ancestors defines what parents may embed a page using <frame>, <iframe>, <object>, <embed> or <applet>.
Notice Consider adding the upgrade-insecure-requests directive to automatically upgrade HTTP requests to HTTPS, helping to prevent mixed content issues.

When a visitor navigates from one page to another page, browsers often pass along referrer information. The Referrer-Policy header controls how much referrer information a browser can share. This is important because private information can be embedded in the path or query string.
strict-origin-when-cross-origin means that the protocol, host, port, path and query string are shared for same-site requests. For cross-site requests, protocol, host, and port are shared, but only when the protocol security level remains the same (HTTP → HTTP, HTTPS → HTTPS). For cross-site requests where the protocol becomes less secure (HTTPS → HTTP), nothing is shared.

A cookie that was sent from the server to the browser.
expires= sets the maximum lifetime of the cookie using a specific date.
path= indicates the path that must exist in the requested URL for the browser to send the cookie.

A cookie that was sent from the server to the browser.
domain= sets the domain to which the cookie will be sent.
path= indicates the path that must exist in the requested URL for the browser to send the cookie.
Warning samesite=none instructs the browser to send the cookie to all cross-site requests, such as on requests to load images or frames from other sites. This enables third-party sites to log cookie data. This could lead to data leaks and cross-site request forgery attacks. To improve security, set to samesite=strict or samesite=lax.
secure instructs the browser to only send the cookie back when HTTPS requests are used, making it more resistant to man-in-the-middle attacks.
httponly forbids JavaScript from accessing the cookie. Helps mitigate the risk of client side scripts accessing a protected cookie.

The X-Content-Type-Options header, when set to nosniff, prevents MIME type sniffing. This enhances security by ensuring browsers respect the declared Content-Type of the response, mitigating MIME confusion attacks.
The value nosniff is correctly set, providing protection against MIME type sniffing attacks.

Alters the download dialog by removing the "Open with" option. Only supported by Internet Explorer.

X-Frame-Options prevents this URL from being embedded in an iframe. This protects against clickjacking attacks.
allow-from means that this page can be displayed in an iframe but only on the listed URLs.
Notice allow-from is deprecated. Use the Content-Security-Policy header with the frame-src directive.

Instructs clients like Flash and Acrobat Reader what cross-domain policy they have to use. none is the most secure setting. Data can't be shared across domains.

A unique identifier for the HTTP request. This can be useful for tracking a request through complex systems or for debugging purposes.

Indicates the time taken to generate the response on the server, typically in seconds. This can be useful for performance monitoring and debugging.

This header enables the browser's built-in XSS protection. However, it's considered legacy and modern browsers may ignore it.
1 enables the browser's cross-site scripting (XSS) filtering.
mode=block instructs the browser to block the response if a XSS attack is detected, instead of sanitizing the page.

Warning The dynamic status indicates that Cloudflare did not cache the requested HTML page, similar to a "cache miss". By default, Cloudflare caches static assets such as images, CSS, and JavaScript but excludes HTML due to its dynamic nature. To cache HTML content, change the 'Cache Level' setting from dynamic to cache everything in Cloudflare. This adjustment allows HTML pages to be cached, leveraging Cloudflare's global network for faster and more efficient content delivery.

missing Add a Strict-Transport-Security header. The Strict-Transport-Security header or HSTS header is used to instruct browsers to only use HTTPS, instead of using HTTP. It helps enforce secure communication.

missing Add a Permissions-Policy header. Restrict access to device features like the camera, microphone, location, accelerometer and much more.

missing Add a Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy to specify how this page can be loaded by cross-origin resources.

missing Add a Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header to opt-in into better browser isolation.

missing Add a Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy header to specify who can load this page.